Data Information

Data vs. Information

Information Relationship ModelRel

Represented Data

Data are calculated and processed on a daily basis through computers in business, at home, and in education. Data are essentially the raw facts that are usually typed into a computer. We call these "raw" facts due to them being unorganized. They can come in any form from audio and visual, to text and numerical. When the data is entered into the computer, that is considered input. The computer calculates the data and spits out the information. Since this information is the output, it becomes the organized version of what used to be raw facts. This system is considered information processing. Data can also come in other forms including figures, experiments, and surveys. Most everything that is entered into a computer becomes data, which is why this term is so vital to understanding computers and how they operate. [1] Information is produced by the data; it is form of knowledge, and computers calculate detailed information. [2]

When most people think of information, the first source that comes to mind is Google. Google allows you to access a lot of information in a short amount of time. What most do not know is that is exactly what a computer does behind the scenes every time you are entering data into a computer, most of the time without even considering it to be "data." Information is a way to get answers to questions, because they are the output of the data you have put in to process. Many online sources provide endless amounts of information. Without information, people will not have reliable sources for school and their career. Work can be made much easier with information, including jobs which need to calculate employee's total hours worked, or any "total data" that needs to be found or calculated. Data and information are very valuable, and is most certainly the backbone of a computer. These two components may help your computer to be user-friendly by working behind what you are typing to make data useful and organized. [3]


Source:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Computer_Information_Systems/What_is_a_Computer%3F

software

Software

Diagram displaying how software communicates with the user.
Computer software is used to communicate with the computer processor to direct certain operations to be performed. This is done through computer programming languages. Software can be broken into two parts: System Software and Application Software.

System Software[edit]

System software refers to the software used to operate the computer components. This also provides a foundation for application software, giving it the ability to carry out the desired functions. System software commonly comes on a system CD, for example a Windows 7 CD. This CD provides the operating system, drivers, Windows system, and utility software. The operating system allows the parts of the computer to communicate. This is done by transferring data. This is also the specific component of system software that allows for the running of application software. Utility software maintain the computer systems. Device drivers set up the ability for the hardware connected to the computer to function. Windows systems is the part that gives you a graphical interface on your monitor and allows the user to configure all connected devices.

Application Software[edit]

Application software are the programs and applications that are developed to carry out desired functions by the user. The way an application works is through programming software. Programming software is the middle man between the system and the actual application the user wants to run. Some examples of programming languages are Java, C++, and Visual Basic. Some examples of application software are web browsers and video games.


Source:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Computer_Information_Systems/What_is_a_Computer%3F

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Information Technology Headed

Where Is Information Technology Headed?

A. Three Directions of Computer Development

1. Miniaturization
2. Speed
3. Affordability
B. Three Directions of Communications Development
1. Connectivity
2. Interactivity
3. Multimedia
C. When Computers & Communications Combine
1. Convergence
2. Portability
3. Personalization
4. Information overload
D. “E” Also Stands for Ethics
1. Speed and scale
2. Unpredictability
3. Complexity
V. Onward: Are We Headed toward a Global Brain?
Lecture Notes
“Technology will provide no miracles that feel like miracles for long,” observes editor
and historian Frederick Allen. Adds science-fiction writer Bruce Sterling, “We should
never again feel all mind-boggled at anything that human beings create. No matter
how amazing some machine may seem, the odds are very high that we’ll outlive it.”
The personal computer is over two decades old. The Internet has been familiar to the
public for over 10 years. It has been more than five years since the nowcommonplace
“www” for World Wide Web began appearing in company ads. And, like
cars, elevators, air-conditioning, and television—all of which have wrought
tremendous changes on society and the landscape—they are rapidly achieving what
technology is supposed to do: become ordinary. They are becoming part of the
wallpaper of our lives, almost invisible.

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Understanding the Computer

Understanding the Computer: Pretending to Build Your Own PC

A. How Computers Work: Three Key Concepts

1. The purpose of a computer is to process data into information
2. The difference between hardware and software
3. Five basic computer operations:
a) Input
b) Processing
c) Storage
d) Output
e) Communications
B. Pretending to Build a Desktop Computer
C. Input Hardware
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
D. Processing & Memory Hardware: Inside the System Cabinet
1. Case (system cabinet) and power supply
2. Processor chip
3. Memory chips
4. Motherboard
E. Storage Hardware
1. Floppy drive
2. Hard drive
3. CD-ROM drive
F. Output Hardware
1. Video & sound cards
2. Monitor
3. Speakers
4. Printer
G. Communications Hardware: Modem
H. Software
1. System software
2. Application software
I. Is Building Your Own PC Worth the Effort?

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